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         Hypoglycemic Remedies for People with Diabetes

           By: Terence Griffin,  griffin@cam.nist.gov

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Last updated 27Sept95:

  Added
   * Gummi Savers
   * CakeMate cake icing and decorative glaze
   * Starbursts
   * Skittles
   * Candy corn
   * Kendal Mint Cake
   * Necco Canada Mints (wintergreen)
   * Marshmallows

  Added a table ordered by cost (increasing cost, within categories).
  Alphabetized the (nutritional) list within categories.
  Updated cost info.


                         Cost Table
                         ----------

This is a summary table. Within each catagory, it is sorted by
increasing order of cost.

The cost is given in grams of *total* carbohydrate per dollar (grams/$),
so the bigger the number, the less it costs. They are based on what I
actually paid in the store. Prices may vary, so use them for comparison
purposes only. Check your local store for exact prices.

Note: The ingredients come from the labels. In this table, I gave the
first couple lines of the ingredients list, just to give the  *major*
ingredients. For full ingredients, see the Nutritional Table that
follows.

Glucose tablets and glucose-based candy
---------------------------------------

 - Smarties (Ce De Candy, Inc., Union, NJ, and Newmarket, ONT, Canada)
   Cost: 205.1 grams/$ (for 8-ounce bag)

   Ingredients: Dextrose, citric acid, calcium stearate, artificial

 - Tang-a-roos (Main Street, made for KMart by Sathers Inc)
   Cost: 183.1 grams/$

   Ingredients: Dextrose, citric acid, calcium stearate, artificial

** SweetTarts (bag) (Sunline Brands, a Sunmark Co, St. Louis, MO)
   Cost: 174.8 grams/$

   Ingredients: Dextrose, maltodextrin, and less than 2% malic acid,

   NOTE: Could not get current pricing on these. KMart seems to
   have stopped carrying them. This price info is old.

 - SweetTarts (roll) (Sunline Brands, a Sunmark Co, St. Louis, MO)
   Cost: 95.2 grams/$

   Ingredients: Dextrose, Maltodextrin, Malic acid, and less then 2%

 - Spree (Sunline Brands, a Sunmark Co, St. Louis, MO)
   Cost: 93.5 grams/$

   Ingredients: Dextrose, Sucrose, Maltodextrin, Malic acid, and less

** Dextro Energy
   Cost: 47.1 grams/$

   Ingredients: Dextrose,...

 - Relief Plus Glucose Tablets (Exclusively at KMart)
   Cost: 36.6 grams/$ (bottle of 50)
         30.2 grams/$ (3xroll of 10)

   Ingredients: Dextrose, Cellulose, Magnesium stearate, Citric acid,
   Natural and artificial flavors, Colors, and Vitamin C.

 - B-D Glucose Tablets
   Cost: 25.2 grams/$

   Ingredients: Each tablet contains 5 grams of D-glucose. Other
   ingredients are flavors and tableting aids, corscarmellos

 Other Candies
 -------------

 - Marshmallows (Weis Quality, 16oz, "pillow" style)
   Cost: 361.0 grams/$

   Ingredients: Corn syrup, Sugar, Corn starch, Water, Gelatin,
   Artificial flavor

 - Candy Corn (Giant store brand, bulk aisle)
   Cost: 301.2 grams/$

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn syrup, Salt, Confectioner's Glaze, Honey,
   Dextrose, Gelatin, Artificial Flavor, Yellow 6, Yellow 5, Red 3

 - Canada Mints (NECCO Cambridge MA 02139)
   Cost: 215.2 grams/$

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Dextrose, Glycerine, Gelatin, Artificial

 - Skittles
   Costs: 207.3 grams/$

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn syrup, Partially hydrogenated soybean oil,
   Fruit juice from concentrate (orange, lime, grape, strawberry, lemon),

 - Kendal Mint Cake (Geo. Romney, Ltd, Kendal, England; REI stores)
   Cost: 136.0 grams/$

   Ingredients: Sugar, Glucose syrup, Mint oil, Proplyene glycol.

 - Starbursts
   Costs: 126.9 grams/$

   Ingredients: Corn syrup, Sugar, partially hydrogenated soybean oil,
   Fruit juice from concentrate (cherry, orange, strawberry, lemon),

 - Necco Wafers, assorted flavors (NECCo - New England Confection
   Cost: 109.8 grams/$             Company, Cambridge, MA)

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Gelatin, Natural and Artificial
   Flavors, Vegetable Gums (Gum Tragacanth, Xanthan & Arabic),

 - GummiSavers, 5oz. bag (Mixed Berry - Nabisco Foods, Winston-Salem, NC)
   Cost: 106.7 grams/$

   Ingredients: Corn Syrup, Sugar, Gelatin, Pear Concentrate, Sorbitol,
   Citric Acid (for tartness), Mineral Oil, Artificial Flavors, Artificial

 - Snickers Bar - King size (M&M/Mars, Hackettstown NJ, Made in Canada)
   Cost: 105.0 grams/$

   Ingredients: Milk Chocolate (Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Milk, Chocolate,
   Lactose, Milkfat, Soy Lecithin, Vanillin an artificial flavor),
   Peanuts, Corn Syrup, Sugar, Milk, Less than 2% Butter, Lactose,

 - York Peppermint Patty, Bite sized, 14 oz bag (Hershey Chocolate, Hershey PA)
   Cost: 103.6 grams/$

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn syrup, Semi-sweet Chocolate (Semi-sweet
   Chocolate contains Chocolate, Sugar, Cocoa, Cocoa butter, Milk fat,

 - Mentos (Mint, 4 pk x 37.5g rolls) (Van Melle, Breda Holland,
   Cost: 79.8 grams/$                 Elanger, KY USA)

   Ingredients: Sugar, Glucose syrup, Hydrogenated coconut oil,
   gelatin, Dextrin, Natural flavors, Corn starch, Gum arabic.

 - Lifesavers (Wintergreen - Nabisco Foods, Winston-Salem, NC)
   Cost: 40.0 grams/$

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Artificial Flavors, Stearic acid.


 Soft Drinks
 -----------

 - Mountain Dew (16 ounces)
   Cost: 124.4 grams/$

   Ingredients: Carbonated water, High fructose corn syrup and/or sugar,
   Orange juice concentrate and other natural flavors, Citric acid,

 - Sprite (16 ounces) (Coca-Cola Bottling Co.)
   Cost: 108.6 grams/$

   Ingredients: Carbonated water, High fructose corn syrup and/or
   sucrose, Citric acid, Natural Flavors, Sodium Citrate, Sodium

 - Gatorade (Lemon-Lime)
   Cost 49.0 grams/$

   Ingredients: Water, Sucrose syrup, Glucose-fructose syrup, Citric
   acid, Natural lemon and lime flavors with other natural flavors,


 Fruit
 -----

 - Raisins, 24 oz can (SunMaid)
   Cost: 196.0 grams/$

   Ingredients: Raisins


 Syrups, Icing, etc.
 -------------------

 - Honey (Weis Quality)

   Cost: 282.8 grmas/$     5lb jar = $6.49

   Ingredients: Honey

 - Pancake syrup (Hungry Jack, Regular)

   Cost: 220.2 grams/$     24oz (709ml,779.9g) = $2.79

   Ingredients: Syrup (corn syrup, high frcurose corn syrup, sugar
   syrup), water, contains less that 2% of the following: Cellulose

 - Pancake syrup (Hungry Jack, Light)

   Cost: 101.6 grams/$     24oz (709ml,779.9g) = $2.79

   Ingredients: Syrup (sugar syrup, high fructose corn syrup),  water,
   contains less that 2% of the following: Cellulose gum, Natural and

 - Barley Malt Syrup (Eden Foods Inc, Clinton MI)

   Cost: 83.3 grams/$      20oz (560g) = $4.54

   Made from 100% sprouted barley. The sugar profile is: 77% Maltose,
   15% glucose, 7% sucrose, 1% fructose

 - CakeMate Decorator Icing - White (McCormick Foods)

   Cost: 59.0 grams/$      4.25oz (120g) tube = $1.75

   Ingredients: Sugar, Dextrose, Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
   (Soybean and/or cottonseed), Water, Corn starch, Sorbitol, Titanium

 - CakeMate Glossy Decorator Gel - White (McCormick Foods)

   Cost: 9.4 grams/$    0.68oz (19g) tube = $1.15

   Ingredients: Corn syrup, Sugar, Water, Corn starch,  Salt, Carageenan
   gum, citric acid, Titanium dioxide (color), and less that 1/10th of





 =============================================================================

                        Nutritional table
                        -----------------

This table has the full nutritional information and ingredients taken
from the labels of the foods. I also provide some highly :) opinionated
comments about each food. These are based purely on my experiences. Keep
in mind that people's response to food is highly individual. Some people
may get just the right response from chocolate, while others require a
faster sugar.

Smarties and similar dextrose-based candies
-------------------------------------------

Glucose tablets are available at almost every pharmacy, but they can be
very expensive. A trip down the candy aisle at your local supermarket or
drug store reveals some much less expensive candy alternatives.

Dextrose (= glucose) candies tend to be dry, crumbly sort of things that
dissolve easily in water. They are pastel in color and usually tartened
with citric acid. In the United States, a common dextrose candy is
called Smarties. There are different kinds of Smarties. In the U.S.,
they are like a small pill, stacked in a roll and wrapped in crinkly
plastic, twisted at both ends.

In other places in the world, Smarties are a candy-covered chocolate
similar to M&Ms. I believe in Canada, what we call Smarties are called
Rockets. I don't know about other places in the world.

To confuse the issue, U.S. Smarties are made both in the U.S. and in
Canada. The Canadian-made Smarties (not the chocolate ones) are
different from those made in the U.S. I have gotten bags with some rolls
marked "Made in Canada" and some not. The Canadian-made rolls have 18
candies/roll, and the candies are slightly softer and crumblier than the
U.S.-made ones. The colors are slightly different, too.

Here's the rundown on glucose candies with some subjective remarks
thrown in. For comparison's sake, I'll start with glucose tablets.
NOTE: Because of the non-food status of glucose tabs, the nutritional
information and ingredients list is not as detailed.

 - B-D Glucose Tablets

   These come in a box of 6x5g tablets and cost from $1.19 to $1.44.
   It is perhaps the most expensive way possible to get glucose. The
   only nutritional information is that each tablet has 4g of glucose.
   I couldn't even find a net weight to figure out how much each tablet
   weighs.

   Cost: 20.8 grams/$      6x5g tablets = $1.19

   Ingredients: Each tablet contains 5 grams of D-glucose. Other
   ingredients are flavors and tableting aids, corscarmellos
   sodium, type A and magnesium stearate. Contains no preservatives.

** Dextro Energy (Can-Am Care Corp., 800-461-7448)

   Cost: 47.1 grams/$     14x4g tablets - $1.19

   Ingredients: Dextrose,...

 - Relief Plus Glucose Tablets (Exclusively at KMart, or as Dex4 tablets
    from Can-Am)

   These come packaged two ways: three convenient rolls of ten that
   can be refilled ($3.97), and a bottle of 50 tables that can be put
   in the roll ($5.47). They are a little expensive, but that may keep
   one from snacking on them, so they might be better than keeping
   candy around.

   Cost: 36.6 grams/$      bottle of 50x4g tablets = 5.47
         30.2 grams/$      3xroll of 10x4g tablets = 3.97

   Ingredients: Dextrose, Cellulose, Magnesium stearate, Citric acid,
   Natural and artificial flavors, Colors, and Vitamin C.

   Serving size: 1 tablet
   Servings per tube: 10

   Carbohydrates: 4g
   Calories: 17
   Protein: 0g
   Fat: 0g
   Cholesterol: 0mg
   Sodium: 0mg

 - Smarties (Ce De Candy, Inc., Union, NJ, and Newmarket, ONT, Canada)

   I repackage the candies into 10g and 20g packages. Each 7g roll has
   5g of sugars. The 5g/roll makes counting them easy. I put 4 rolls
   easly into an AccuChek III test strip bottle (with the moisture
   absorbent thing in the cap removed) and 2 rolls into a OTII bottle.
   The OTII bottle is a tight fit, but they do fit. The flavor seems to
   be very much the same for all colors. A little bit of water makes
   them (and the other candies) much more palatable.

   Cost: 205.1 grams/$     8oz bag = $0.79)

   Ingredients: Dextrose, citric acid, calcium stearate, artificial
   flavors and colors (red 40 lake, yellow 5 lake, blue 2 lake, yellow
   6 lake)

   Serving size: 1 roll (7g)
   Servings per container: 32

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 25 cal/roll
                           %Daily value
   Total carbohydrates 5g     1%
     sugars 5g
   Sodium 0mg                 0%
   Total fat 0g               0%
   Protein 0g

 - Spree (Sunline Brands, a Sunmark Co, St. Louis, MO)

   These were right next to the SweetTarts on the shelf and are in a
   roll just like SweetTarts. They are made by the same company. They
   are like candy-covered SweetTarts but are less tart. They are made
   with some sucrose. The roll is 50.1g, 44 of which are sugars.

   Cost: 93.5 grams/$      1.77oz (50.1g) roll = $0.50

   Ingredients: Dextrose, Sucrose, Maltodextrin, Malic acid, and less
   then 2% magnesium stearate, artificial flavors, Carnacba wax, color
   added, blue 1 lake, blue 2 lake, red 40 lake, yellow 5 lake, yellow
   6 lake. SERIES 5.

   Serving size: 8 pieces (15g)
   Servings per container: ~3.5 (27 pcs)

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 60
                           %Daily val
   Total Fat 0g               0%
   Sodium 0mg                 0%
   Total Carbohydrate 14g     5%
    Sugars 13g
   Protein 0g

** SweetTarts (bag) (Sunline Brands, a Sunmark Co, St. Louis, MO)

   NOTE: Could not get current pricing on these. KMart seems to
   have stopped carrying them. This price info is old...

   At K-Mart, $1.07 per bag. Each roll has 12 candies. Contains
   dextrose and maltodextrin, but I don't think that is significant as
   far as effectiveness. The maltodextrin probably accounts for the
   difference in the carbohydrates and sugars. Candies are harder and
   "chewier" than Smarties and Tang-a-roos. They bind together more
   than the others. The flavor is tarter and reminds me of chewable
   vitamins. These are more concentrated than Smarties but less than
   Tang-a-roos. Each 13g serving has 11g of sugars. The higher
   concentration makes them easier to repackage.

   Cost: 174.8 grams/$     [??oz bag = $1.07]

   Ingredients: Dextrose, maltodextrin, and less than 2% malic acid,
   magnesium stearate, artificial favors, blue 1 lake, blue 2 lake,
   red 40 lake, yellow 5 lake, yellow 6 lake

   Serving size: 2 rolls (13 g)
   Servings per container: about 17 (34 rolls)

   Amount per serving
   Calories 50
               % Daily Value
   Fat 0g            0%
   Sodium 0mg        0%
   Carbohydrate 12g  4%
    Sugars 11g
   Protein 0g

 - SweetTarts (roll) (Sunline Brands, a Sunmark Co, St. Louis, MO)

   This is a roll of larger "pills." The roll is 6-8 inches long and
   has 27 candies. The roll is 51g, 40.5 of which is sugars. Cutting
   the role in half might make them easier to use.

   Cost: 95.2 grams/$      1.8oz (51g) = $0.50

   Ingredients: Dextrose, Maltodextrin, Malic acid, and less then 2%
   magnesium stearate, artificial favors, blue 1 lake, blue 2 lake,
   red 40 lake, yellow 5 lake, yellow 8 lake. SERIES 6.

   Serving size: 8 pieces (15g)
   Servings per container: ~3.5 (27 pcs)

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 60
                           %Daily val
   Total Fat 0g               0%
   Sodium 0mg                 0%
   Total Carbohydrate 14g     5%
    Sugars 12g
   Protein 0g

 - Tang-a-roos (Main Street, made for KMart by Sathers Inc)

   These are $1.50 per bag at KMart. Each roll has (consistently :) 15
   candies, so each candy is 0.41g of carbohydrate. Each 40g serving
   has 37g of sugars. The sugar in this candy is also pure dextrose,
   like Smarties, but it is slightly more concentrated. The flavors
   seem more distinct than Smarties, and the texture, shape and size of
   the roll is more consistent. Also, they are less dry than Smarties.
   The higher concentration makes it easier to repackage. I use 49
   candies = 20g, instead of 60 Smarties.

   Cost: 183.1 grams/$     2x10.5oz bags = $3.00

   Ingredients: Dextrose, citric acid, calcium stearate, artificial
   flavors, colors include red 40 lake, blue 1 lake , blue 2 lake,
   yellow 5 lake, yellow 6 lake.

   Serving size: 6 rolls (40g)      [so much for standard serving sizes :]
   Servings per container: about 7  [the bag I got had exactly 6x7 rolls ]

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 140
                           %Daily value
   Total fat 0g               0%
   Sodium 0mg                 0%
   Total carbohydrates 37g   12%
     sugars 37g
   Protein 0g

 Other Candies
 -------------

 - Canada Mints, Wintergreen (pink) (NECCO Cambridge MA 02139)

   These are nice. Under some circumstances, pure glucose doesn't sit
   well in the stomach. The soothing flavor of mint really offsets this
   problem. I found out, quite by accident, that if they sit around for
   a while, they get soft; easier on the teeth and gums.

   At 3 grams a piece, you can get a useful dose without counting a lot
   of little pieces of candy. However, counting by 3's can a little
   tricky if you're hypo. :}

   I'm partial to the wintergreen as opposed to the peppermint. These
   are a little dryer that Kendal Mint Cake, but much the same, and
   more readily available.

   Cost: 215.2 grams/$     6oz bag = $0.79

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Dextrose, Glycerine, Gelatin, Artificial
   Flavor, Vegetable Gums (Gum Tragacanth, Arabic & Xanthan) FDC Colors
   Red 3, Red 40 lake, Blue 2 lake.

   Serving Size: 2 pieces (6g)
   Servings: 28

   Amount per serving
   Calories 24
   Fat calories 0
                        % Daily Value
   Total Fat 0g               0%
   Sodium 0g                  0%
   Total Carbs 6g             2%
    Sugars 6g
   Protein 0g

 - Candy Corn (Giant store brand, Bulk isle)

   Candy corn is nice because it is soft. Their primary sugar is sucrose
   and corn syrup, although they do have honey and dextrose as well.
   They may be a little rich for some tastes. One nice feature is that
   each candy has ~1g of sugar, so it easy to figure out the doses.

   Cost: 301.2 grams/$     one pound = $1.39

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn syrup, Salt, Confectioner's Glaze, Honey,
   Dextrose, Gelatin, Artificial Flavor, Yellow 6, Yellow 5, Red 3

   Serving Size: 26 pieces (39g)
   Serving per container: Varies (self-serve bulk)

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 150
                    % Daily Value
   Total fat 0g            0%
   Sodium 45mg             2%
   Total Carb 36g         12%
    Sugars 27g
   Protein 0g

 - GummiSavers (Mixed Berry - Nabisco Foods, Winston-Salem, NC)

   This a new variation on a classic. They are like gummi-bears,
   but a little softer, and they don't stick to your teeth. Notice
   that they have 3g of protein in the whole roll.

   Cost: 64.0 grams/$      2x1.5oz rolls = $1.00
        106.7 grams/$      5 oz bag = $0.95

   Ingredients: Corn Syrup, Sugar, Gelatin, Pear Concentrate, Sorbitol,
   Citric Acid (for tartness), Mineral Oil, Artificial Flavors, Artificial
   Colors (Contains Red 40, Blue 1, and Yellow 5), Carnauba Wax

   Serving Size: 1 roll (42.5g)
   Servings per container: 1

   Amount per serving

   Calories: 130

                    % Daily Value
   Total Fat 0g            0%
   Sodium 0g               0%
   Total Carbohydrate 32g 11%
    Sugars 30g
   Protein 3g

   Not a significant source of protein (unless, perhaps, you have
   kidney damage)

 - Kendal Mint Cake (Geo. Romney, Ltd, Kendal, England)

   These are sugar/glucose mints. Each package has two cakes that
   weigh 170g each. The are divided into twelve pieces. Each piece
   is 14g. Although they feel like hard candy, they are easy to break
   or cut. They are at most 50% glucose. There is no nutritional
   information on the label. I am assuming that it is all sugars, and
   the other ingredients don't add significant mass or food value. They
   are carried at REI as a kind of energyfood for outdoor expeditions.
   REI charges $2.50/pack (340g).


   Cost: 136 grams/$    340g pack = $2.50

   Ingredients: Sugar, Glucose syrup, Mint oil, Proplyene glycol.

   [no nutritional info available]

 - Lifesavers (Wintergreen - Nabisco Foods, Winston-Salem, NC)

   These are basically sugar and corn syrup. Each piece contains 2g
   of carbohydrate (sugars). This is a little interesting: there are 12
   pieces per roll, which would mean the roll should weigh at least
   24g. The weight listed on the side is 0.72 oz = 20.4g. Probably a
   rounding error :)

   These candies are widely available and a very good treatment for
   hypos.

   Cost: 40.0 grams/$   2x20g rolls = $1.00

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Artificial Flavors, Steric acid.

   Serving size: 1 candy
   Servings per roll: 12

   Amount per serving

   Calories: 8

   Protein 0g
   Carbohydrate 2g
   Fat 0g
   Cholesterol: 0mg
   Sodium: 0mg

 - Marshmallows (Weis Quality, 16oz, "pillow" style)

   When treating myself to (sugar free) hot chocolate in the winter,
   I discovered that marshmallows (melted of course) gave a nice
   spike to my blood sugar. I haven't actually used them as a hypo
   treatment, so I can't vouch for them in their "raw" state. Note
   that only 1/2 the carbs is from sugar. The rest is from corn starch,
   which may be a fast carb in some people. Also, they are very cost
   effective.

   Cost: 361.0 grams/$     16oz bag = $0.99

   Ingredients: Corn syrup, Sugar, Corn starch, Water, Gelatin, Artificial
   flavor

   Serving size: 6 pc (33 g)
   Servings per container: ~14

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 110
                           %Daily val
   Total Fat 0g               0%
   Cholest 0mg                0%
   Sodium 10mg                0%
   Total Carbohydrate 26g     9%
    Sugars 13g
   Protein >1g

 - Mentos (Mint, 4 pk x 37.5g rolls) (Van Melle, Breda Holland,
   Elanger, KY USA)

   These are sugar (sucrose) and glucose syrup. The third ingredient
   is hydrogenated coconut oil. It's hard to tell how much is in there,
   due to the fact that the Nutritional Information lists 0g of total
   fat. They round to the nearest whole gram, but notice that the
   serving size is a single peice.

   Cost: 88.8 grams/$      4x37.5g rolls = $1.69

   Ingredients: Sugar, Glucose syrup, Hydrogenated coconut oil,
   gelatine, Dextrin, Natural flavors, Corn starch, Gum arabic.

   Serving Size: 1 piece (3g)
   Servings per container: approx. 13

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 10
                    % Daily Value
   Total Fat 0g            0%
   Total Carbohydrate 3g   1%
    Sugars 2g
   Protein 0g
   Sodium 0g               0%

 - Necco Wafers, assorted flavors (NECCo - New England Confection
   Company, Cambridge, MA)

   Neccos have sweet, distinct flavors. They are very crunchy, sort of
   like flat Lifesavers. They are about the size and shape of a quarter.
   They can be "addictive," so be careful and eat a pre-measured
   quantity to avoid over-treating a hypo.

   The rolls are a convenient size for carrying and are easily
   accessible. However, the 54g of sugar per roll is a little high
   for most hypos. I recommend repackaging them. 15 candies = 20g.

   They are made primarily with sucrose and corn syrup, so they may be
   slightly slower than dextrose-based candies. They are still very
   effective. They come in a roll about 4 inches long, wrapped in wax
   paper. I saw both chocolate flavor and assorted. I don't know if
   they come in any other flavors.

   Neccos are more concentrated than Smarties or Tang-a-roos. Each 4.2g
   serving has 4g of sugars (95.2%), but again the sugars are sucrose
   and corn syrup.

   Cost: 109.8 grams/$     2.02 (57g) roll = $0.50

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn Syrup, Gelatin, Natural and Artificial
   Flavors, Vegetable Gums (Gum Tragacanth, Xanthan & Arabic),
   Chocolate, Citric Acid, FDA Colors which include Yellows 5 & 6,
   Blue 1, Red 3 and Red 40, Propylene Glycol


   Serving size: 3 pieces (4.2g)
   Servings per container: about 13 (57g container)

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 17
                        %Daily Value
   Total Fat 0g                0%
   Sodium 0g                   0%
   Protein 0g                  0%
   Total Carbohydrate 4g     1.3%
     Sugars 4g


 - Skittles

   Costs: 207.3 grams/$    8oz bag = $0.99

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn syrup, Partially hydrogenated soybean oil,
   Fruit juice from concentrate (orange, lime, grape, strawberry, lemon),
   Less than 2% citric acid, Dextrin, Natrual and artificial flavors,
   Gelatin, Food strach - modified, color (Yellow lake 5, yellow lake 6,
   red lake 40, blue lake 2, blue lake1, yellow 5, yellow 6, blue 1)
   blue 1), Ascorbic acid

   Serving size: 1.5 oc (42g, about 1/4 cup)
   Servings per container: 7

   Calories: 170   Fat cals: 15
                     % Daily Value
   Total fat 2g            3%
    Sat Fat  0g            2%
   Cholesterol 0mg         0%
   Sodium 5mg              0%
   Total Carb 38g          13%
    Fiber 0g
    Sugars 32g
   Potein 0g

   Vit A    *
   Vit C    35%
   Calcium  *

 - Snickers Bar - King size (M&M/Mars, Hackettstown NJ, Made in Canada)

   Snickers and chocolate bars, in general, are not the best choice
   for a hypo remedy. They tend to be high in fat, and that slows
   their effectiveness. Peanuts, the second ingredient, have a very low
   glycemic index (they raise the bG very slowly). The fat also adds
   calories that are not used for resolving the hypo and can affect
   diet.

   They may be okay for mild hypos or in a situation where you need to
   keep your bG up for awhile. But for me, faster candies (Smarties,
   Canada Mints) work better for more severe hypos.

   Ingredients: Milk Chocolate (Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Milk, Chocolate,
   Lactose, Milkfat, Soy Lecithin, Vanillin an artificial flavor),
   Peanuts, Corn Syrup, Sugar, Milk, Less than 2% Butter, Lactose,
   Salt, Egg Whites, Soy Protein, Vanillin an artificial flavor.

   Cost: 105.0 grams/$     One king size bar = $0.60

   Serving size: 1/3 bar (34.9g)
   Servings per container: 3

   Amount per serving:

   Calories: 170 (Cals from fat: 70)
                        % Daily Value
   Total Fat 8g               13%
     Saturated Fat 3g         16%
   Cholesterol 5mg             2%
   Sodium 85mg                 4%
   Total Carbohydrate 21g      7%
     Fiber 1g                  2%
     Sugar 17g
   Protein 3g
   Vit  A                      0%
   Vit  C                      0%
   Calcium                     2%
   Iron                        0%
   Riboflavin                  2%
   Niacin                      4%

** Starbursts

   Costs: 126.9grams/$     6pk (of 2.07oz?) = $2.29

   Ingredients: Corn syrup, Sugar, partially hydrogenated soybean oil,
   Fruit juice from concentrate (cherry, orange, strawberry, lemon),
   Citric acid, Dextrin, gelatin, Food strach - modified, Natrual and
   artificial flavors, Ascorbic acid, color (red 40, yellow 5, yellow 6,
   blue 1)

   Serving size: 8 pcs (40g)
   Servings per container: 6

   Calories: 160   Fat cals: 30
                     % Daily Value
   Total fat 3g            5%
    Sat Fat  0g            3%
   Cholesterol 0mg         0%
   Sodium 20mg             1%
   Total Carb 33g          11%
    Fiber 0g
    Sugars 22g
   Potein 0g

   Vit A    *
   Vit C    35%
   Calcium  *

 - York Peppermint Patty (Hershey Chocolate, Hershey PA)

   Peppermint Patties don't contain a lot of chocolate, but there is
   still some fat. These are mostly sugar and corn syrup. It also
   contains invert sugar which is sucrose that has been broken down
   into equal parts glucose and fructose, with some sucrose intact.

   These are probably not as bad as other candy bars, but the dextrose
   and hard candies are faster.

   This information comes from a bag of little Peppermint Patties.

   Cost: 103.6 grams/$     14oz bag = $2.99

   Ingredients: Sugar, Corn syrup, Semi-sweet Chocolate (Semi-sweet
   Chocolate contains Chocolate, Sugar, Cocoa, Cocoa butter, Milk fat,
   Soya Lecithin, an emulsifer, and Vanillan, an artificial flavor),
   Invert sugar, Egg whites, and oil of peppermint.

   Serving Size: 3 pieces (41g)
   Servings per container: about 10 (14-ounce bag)

   Amount per serving
   Calories 170
   Fat Calories 35
                        % Daily Value
   Total Fat 4g                6%
    Saturated Fat 2.5g        13%
   Sodium 10mg                 0%
   Total Carbohydrate 32g     11%
    Sugars 24g
   Protein 1g
   Vitamin A                   0%
   Vitamin C                   0%
   Calium                      0%
   Iron                        4%


 Soft Drinks
 -----------

 I like soft drinks when on a long bike ride. They provide a very
 palatable source of sugar and are good for fluid replacement. My
 preference has shifted from Smarties to Sprite under extreme workout
 conditions. For hypos under normal conditions, I still use glucose
 candies (Smarties and the like). I also carry them on a ride in case
 of emergencies.

 - Gatorade (Lemon-Lime)

   Gatorade is sugar (glucose and sucrose), sodium, and potassium.
   It is supposedly balanced to get into the system faster than
   water. However, it has less sugar per 8-ounce serving than sodas.
   Whenever *I* have tried Gatorade (when exercising), it has made
   me nauseated or sick. I may be unusual in this reaction, but it is
   something to look out for.

   Cost 49.0 grams/$    64 fl oz = $2.29

   Ingredients: Water, Sucrose syrup, Glucose-fructose syrup, Citric
   acid, Natural lemon and lime flavors with other natural flavors,
   Salt, Sodium citrate, Monopotassium phosphate, Ester gum, Yellow #5

   Serving size: 8 oz
   Servings per container: 8

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 50
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
   Sodium 110mg                  5%
   Potasssium 30mg               1%
   Total Carbohydrate 14g        5%
    Sugars 14g
   Protein 0g

 - Mountain Dew (16 ounces)

   This is just another soft drink. It has about 20% more sugar than
   other sodas. It also has caffeine and lots of other stuff.

   Cost: 124.4 grams/$     6x16oz cans = $2.99

   Ingredients: Carbonated water, High fructose corn syrup and/or sugar,
   Orange juice concentrate and other natural flavors, Citric acid,
   Sodium benzoate (as preservative), Caffeine, Sodium Citrate, Gum
   arabic, Erythotic acid (as preservative), Calcium disodium, EDTA (to
   protect flavor), Brominate vegetable oil, Yellow #6

   Serving size: 8 ounces
   Servings per container: 2

   Amount per serving
   Calories: 110
                        %Daily Value
   Total Fat 0g               0%
   Sodium 50mg                2%
   Total Carbohydrate 31g    10%
    Sugars 31g
   Protein 0g

 - Sprite (16 ounces) (Coca-Cola Bottling Co.)

   I like Sprite best when I ride my bike for a long time. I prefer
   not to drink caffeine, and I have had disagreeable experiences with
   Gatoraid.

   Ingredients: Carbonated water, High fructose corn syrup and/or
   sucrose, Citric acid, Natural Flavors, Sodium Citrate, Sodium
   Benzoate (to preserve taste), salt.

   Cost: 108.6 grams/$     6x20oz bottles = $3.59

   Serving size: 8 oz (240 ml)
   Servings per container: 2

   Amount per serving
   Calories 100
                     %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g             0%
   Sodium 55mg              2%
   Total Carbohydrate 26g   9%
    Sugars 26g
   Protein 0g


 Fruit
 -----

 Fruits have different combinations of sugars. Many have a lot of
 fructose, which has a low glycemic index and may not be appropriate
 for treating reactions.

 - Raisins

   Raisins (and grapes) have a lot of glucose and so are pretty good.
   They are not as concentrated as some other treatments. A 40g serving
   has 29g of sugars. The glycemic index for raisins is 64 (on a scale
   where glucose is 100). Also, they won't keep as well as candies, so
   they aren't good for the glove box and other such places. If you
   have them at home and need something, they are easy to eat, tasty
   and quite effective. About 1/6 cup yields 20g of sugar.

   SunMaid Rasins (24-ounce can)

   Cost: 196.0 grams/$     24oz box = $2.69

   Ingredients: Raisins

   Serving Size: 1/4 Cup (40g)
   Servings per container: 17

   Amount per serving
   Calories 130
                           %Daily Value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
    Saturated Fat 0g             0%
   Cholesterol 0mg               0%
   Sodium 10mg                   0%
   Potassium 310mg               9%
   Total Carbohydrate 31g       10%
    Dietary Fiber 2g             9%
    Sugars 29g
   Protein 1g
   Calcium                       2%
   Iron                          6%

 Syrups, Icing, etc.
 -------------------

 Cake icing is an alternative to glucose gels. It is not pure glucose,
 but it is pretty good. The big tubes have more fat than the little
 tubes. Note that extremes in temperature may have an effect on the
 taste and texture of the icing. I left a tube in my glove box all
 winter, and when I needed to use it, it was very gritty.

 Other syrups are also concentrated source of fast acting sugars. The
 malt syrup is mostly maltose and glucose. Maltose has a higher glycemic
 index (GI) than glucose. But malt syrup is costly and not very pleasant
 to taste.

 Honey has a high GI and is cost effective. I also provide info on
 pancake syrups, both regular and light.

 - Barley Malt Syrup (Eden Foods Inc, Clinton MI)

   Cost: 83.3 grams/$      20oz (560g) = $4.54

   Made from 100% sprouted barley. The sugar profile is: 77% Maltose,
   15% glocose, 7% sucrose, 1% fructose

   Serving size: 1/2 Tblsp (3g)
   Servigs per container: 187

   Calories: 10
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
   Sodium 1mg                    0%
   Potasium 11mg
   Total Carb 2g                 0.5%
    Sugars ??
   Protein 0g

 - CakeMate Decorator Icing - White (McCormick Foods)

   Cost: 59.0 grams/$      4.25oz (120g) tube = $1.75

   Ingredients: Sugar, Dextrose, Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
   (Soybean and/or cottonseed), Water, Corn starch, Sorbitol, Titanium
   dioxide (color), Salt, Soybean oil, Mono- and diglycerides (for
   smoothness), Agar, 0.1% Potassium sorbate (preservtive), Lactylated
   monoglyceride (for smoothness), Natrual and artificial Flavors, and
   Polysorbate 60 (for smoothness)

   Serving size: 1 tsp (7g)
   Servings per container: 17

   Calories: 35   Fat cals: 10
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 1g                  2%
   Sodium 15mg                   1%
   Total Carb 6g                 2%
    Sugars 6g
   Protein 0g

 - CakeMate Glossy Decorator Gel - White (McCormick Foods)

   Cost: 9.4 grams/$    0.68oz (19g) tube = $1.15

   Ingredients: Corn syrup, Sugar, Water, Corn starch,  Salt, Carageenan
   gum, citric acid, Titanium dioxide (color), and less that 1/10th of
   1 percent Sodium Benzoate as a preservative.

   Serving size: 1 tsp (7g)
   Servings per container: about 2.5

   Calories: 25
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
   Sodium 15mg                   0%
   Total Carb 4g                 1%
    Sugars 1g
   Protein 0g

 - Honey (Weis Quality)

   Cost: 282.8 grmas/$     5lb jar = $6.49

   Ingredients: Honey

   Serving size: 1 Tblsp (21g)
   Servigs per container: 108

   Calories: 60
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
   Sodium 0mg                    0%
   Total Carb 17g                6%
    Sugars 16g
   Protein 0g

 - Pancake syrup (Hungry Jack, Regular)

   Cost: 220.2 grams/$     24oz (709ml,779.9g) = $2.79

   Ingredients: Syrup (corn syrup, high frcurose corn syrup, sugar
   syrup), water, contains less that 2% of the following: Cellulose
   gum, Natural and artifical maple flavor, Sodium citrate, Sorbic
   acid, Sodium benzoate and Suffer dioxide (Perservitives), Artifical
   color.

   Serving size: 1/4 cup (60ml, 66g)
   Servigs per container: 14

   Calories: 208
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
   Sodium 90mg                   4%
   Total Carb 52g               17%
    Sugars 48g
   Protein 0g

 - Pancake syrup (Hungry Jack, Light)

   Cost: 101.6 grams/$     24oz (709ml,779.9g) = $2.79

   Ingredients: Syrup (sugar syrup, high frcurose corn syrup),  water,
   contains less that 2% of the following: Cellulose gum, Natural and
   artifical maple flavor, Salt, Sorbic acid and Sodium benzoate
   (Perservitives), Artifical color, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Citric
   Acid.

   Serving size: 1/4 cup (60ml, 66g)
   Servigs per container: 12

   Calories: 100
                           %Daily value
   Total Fat 0g                  0%
   Sodium 180mg                  8%
   Total Carb 24g                8%
    Sugars 23g
   Protein 0g

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